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Stuyvesant High School

Coordinates: 40°43′04″N 74°00′50″W / 40.7179°N 74.0138°W / 40.7179; -74.0138
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Stuyvesant High School
Address
Map
345 Chambers Street

New York City
,
New York
10282

United States
Coordinates40°43′04″N 74°00′50″W / 40.7179°N 74.0138°W / 40.7179; -74.0138[1]
Information
School typeSelective public high school
MottoLatin: Pro Scientia Atque Sapientia
(For knowledge and wisdom)
Established1904; 120 years ago (1904)
School districtNew York City Department of Education
School numberM475
CEEB code334070[4]
NCES School ID360007702877[2]
PrincipalSeung Yu[3]
Faculty162.92 (on FTE basis)[2]
Enrollment3,334 (2022–23)[2]
Student to teacher ratio20.46[2]
Athletics conferencePSAL
MascotPegleg Pete[7]
NicknameStuy
Team namePeglegs
USNWR ranking26[5]
NewspaperThe Spectator
YearbookThe Indicator
Nobel laureates4
Websitestuy.enschool.org Edit this at Wikidata

Stuyvesant High School (/ˈstaɪvəsənt/ STY-və-sənt),[8] commonly referred to as a nickname among its students, faculty and alumni as "Stuy" (/staɪ/ STY),[8][9][10] is a public college-preparatory, specialized high school in Manhattan, New York City, United States. Operated by the New York City Department of Education, (New York City Public Schools system), these specialized schools offer tuition-free accelerated academics to city residents.

Stuyvesant High was established as an all-boys school in the East Village of lower Manhattan in 1904. An entrance examination was mandated three decades later for all S.H.S. applicants starting in 1934, and after 65 years with an all-male student body, the high school started accepting female students in 1969. Stuyvesant High School moved to its current location at Battery Park City in 1992 because the student body had become too large to be suitably accommodated in the original campus. The old building / campus now houses several smaller high schools and charter schools.

Admission to Stuyvesant involves passing the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test, required for the New York City Public Schools system. Every March, the approximately 800 to 850 applicants with the highest SHSAT scores out of the total around 30,000 students who apply to Stuyvesant are accepted.[11] The school has a wide range of extracurricular activities,[12] including a yearly theater competition called SING! and various student publications including a newspaper, a yearbook, and literary magazines.

Notable alumni include former United States Attorney General (under the Barack Obama presidential administration) Eric Holder, physicists Brian Greene and Lisa Randall, economist Thomas Sowell, mathematician Paul Cohen, chemist Roald Hoffmann, biologist Eric Lander, Oscar-winning actor James Cagney, comedian Billy Eichner, young adult fiction author Jordan Sonnenblick, and chess grandmaster Robert Hess. Stuyvesant is one of only six secondary schools worldwide that has educated four or more Nobel laureates.

History

[edit]

Planning

[edit]

The then independent city of Brooklyn's Superintendent of Schools, William Henry Maxwell, had first written in a report about the need to construct manual trade schools or technical / scientific oriented secondary schools in Brooklyn and throughout New York state in 1887. This would follow other examples of specialized high schools such as the Baltimore Manual Training School, now the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute.[13] The municipal architect and engineer C. B. J. Snyder, who designed many of the city's public school buildings, had repeatedly mentioned the need for more basic mathematical and scientific preparation in New York's growing numbers of public secondary schools in the late 19th century.[14]: 3  The first trade school in the city was Manual Training High School in Brooklyn, which opened in 1893.[14]: 4  By 1899, now positioned as the newly-formed City of Greater New York's Superintendent of Public Schools, Maxwell was advocating for a manual trade school across the river in the newly established borough of Manhattan.[13]: 16 

In January 1903 Maxwell and Snyder submitted a report to the New York City Board of Education in which they suggested the creation of a trade school in Manhattan.[15] The Board of Education approved the plans in April 1904. They suggested that the school occupy a plot on East 15th Street, west of First Avenue. However, that plot did not yet contain a school building, and so the new trade school was initially housed within Public School #47's former building at 225 East 23rd Street.[14]: 4  The Board of Education also wrote that the new trade school would be "designated as the Stuyvesant High School, as being reminiscent of the locality."[14] Stuyvesant Square, Stuyvesant Street, and later Stuyvesant Town (which was built subsequently in 1947) are all located near the proposed 15th Street school building. All of these locations were named after Peter Stuyvesant (1610–1672),[16] the last Dutch Director (governor) of New Netherland (and its major port town of New Amsterdam), 1647–1665, and owner of the area's Stuyvesant Farm.[17]: 4  The appellation of a specific historical name was selected to avoid confusion with Brooklyn's earlier Manual Training High School.[14]: 8 

Opening and boys' school

[edit]

Stuyvesant High School opened in September 1904 as Manhattan's first manual trade school for boys.[14]: 5  At the time of its opening, the school consisted of 155 students and 12 teachers.[17]

At first the school provided a core curriculum of "English, Latin, modern languages, history, mathematics, physics, chemistry, [and] music," as well as a physical education program and a more specialized track of "woodworking, metalworking, mechanical drawing, [and] freehand drawing."[14]: 5  However, in June 1908, Maxwell announced that the trade school curriculum would be separated from the core curriculum and a discrete trade school would operate in the Stuyvesant building during the evening.[14]: 5 [18] Thereafter, Stuyvesant became renowned for excellence in math and science. In 1909, eighty percent of the school's alumni went to college, compared to other schools, which only sent 25% to 50% of their graduates to college.[14]: 5 [19]

By 1919 officials started restricting admission based on scholastic achievement.[20] Stuyvesant implemented a double session plan in 1919 to accommodate the rising number of students: some students would attend in the morning, while others would take classes in the afternoon and early evening. All students studied a full set of courses. These double sessions ran until Spring 1957.[20][21] The school implemented a system of entrance examinations in 1934.[22] The examination program, developed with the assistance of Columbia University, was expanded in 1938 to include the newly founded Bronx High School of Science.[14]: 5 [22]

In 1956 a team of six students designed and began construction of a cyclotron. A low-power test of the device succeeded six years later. A later attempt at full-power operation, however, knocked out the power to the school and surrounding buildings.[23][24]

Co-educational school

[edit]

In 1967 Alice de Rivera filed a lawsuit against the Board of Education, alleging that she had been banned from taking Stuyvesant's entrance exam because of her gender.[25] The lawsuit was decided in the student's favor, and Stuyvesant was required to accept female students.[14]: 6  The first female students were accepted in September 1969, when Stuyvesant offered admission to 14 girls and enrolled 12 of them.[17] The next year, 223 female students were accepted to Stuyvesant.[14]: 6  By 2015, females represented 43% of the total student body.[26]

In 1972, the New York State Legislature in the state capital of Albany passed the Hecht–Calandra Act, which designated four city-wide selective specialized public high schools in New York City of: Brooklyn Technical High School, Bronx High School of Science, Stuyvesant High School, and the High School of Music & Art (now renamed Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School) as specialized high schools of New York City. The act called for a uniform exam to be administered for admission to Brooklyn Tech, Bronx Science, and Stuyvesant High.[27] The exam, named the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test (SHSAT), tested the mathematical and verbal abilities of students who were applying to any of the specialized high schools. The only exception was for applicants to the music and arts program at LaGuardia High School, who were accepted by audition rather than examination.[27]

September 11 attacks (World Trade Center, 2001)

[edit]

The current school building in Battery Park City of lower Manhattan since 1992, is about a half-mile / 0.5 miles (0.8 km) away from the site of the World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The school was evacuated during the attack. Although the smoke cloud coming from the World Trade Center engulfed the building at one point, there was no structural damage to the building, and there were no reports of physical injuries. Less than an hour after the collapse of the second World Trade Center tower, concern over a bomb threat at the school prompted an evacuation of the surrounding area, as reported live on the Today show.[28] When classes resumed on September 21, 2001,[29] students were moved to Brooklyn Technical High School while the Stuyvesant building served as a base of operations for rescue and recovery workers. This caused serious congestion at Brooklyn Tech, and required the students to attend in two shifts, with the Stuyvesant students attending the evening shift.[30] Normal classes resumed nearly a month after the attack, on October 9.[31]

A southward view of Stuyvesant High School from Hudson River Park. The Hudson River is seen at right, and the skyscrapers of the new World Trade Center can be seen in the background.
A southward view of Stuyvesant High School from Hudson River Park, with the new World Trade Center in the distance

Because Stuyvesant was so close to the World Trade Center site, there were concerns of asbestos exposure. The U.S. EPA indicated at that time that Stuyvesant was safe from asbestos, and conducted a thorough cleaning of the Stuyvesant building. However, the Stuyvesant High School Parents' Association contested the accuracy of the assessment.[32] Some problems, including former teacher Mark Bodenheimer's respiratory problems, have been reported—he accepted a transfer to The Bronx High School of Science after having difficulty continuing his work at Stuyvesant. Other isolated cases include Stuyvesant's 2002 class president Amit Friedlander, who received local press coverage in September 2006 after being diagnosed with cancer.[33] While there have been other cases linked to the same dust cloud that emanated from Ground Zero,[34] there is no definitive evidence that such cases have directly affected the Stuyvesant community. Stuyvesant students did spend a full year in the building before the theater and air systems were cleaned, however, and a group of Stuyvesant alumni has been lobbying for health benefits since 2006 as a result.[33] In 2019, during a hearing on the reauthorization of the 9/11 Victims Compensation Fund, alumnus Lila Nordstrom testified before the House Judiciary Committee about the conditions at Stuyvesant on and after 9/11.[35]

Nine alumni were killed in the World Trade Center attack.[36] Another alumnus, Richard Ben-Veniste of the class of 1960, was on the 9/11 Commission.[37] On October 2, 2001, the school newspaper, The Spectator, created a special 24-page full-color 9/11 insert containing student photos, reflections and stories. On November 20, 2001, the magazine was distributed for free to the greater metropolitan area, enclosed within 830,000 copies of The New York Times.[38] In the months after the attacks, Annie Thoms, an English teacher at Stuyvesant and the theater adviser at the time, suggested that the students take accounts of staff and students' reactions during and after September 11, 2001, and turn them into a series of monologues. Thoms then published these monologues as With Their Eyes: September 11—The View from a High School at Ground Zero.[39]

Later history

[edit]

During the 2003–2004 school year, Stuyvesant celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding with a full year of activities. Events included a procession from the 15th Street building to the Chambers Street one, a meeting of the National Consortium for Specialized Secondary Schools of Mathematics, Science and Technology, an all-class reunion, and visits and speeches from notable alumni.[40]

In the 21st century, keynote graduation speakers have included Attorney General Eric Holder (2001),[41] former President Bill Clinton (2002),[42] United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan (2004),[43] Late Night comedian Conan O'Brien (2006),[44] Humans of New York founder Brandon Stanton (2015), actor George Takei (2016), and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson (2018).

Buildings

[edit]

15th Street building

[edit]
A grayscale postcard showing the Old Stuyvesant Campus in Manhattan's East Village. The postcard's vantage point is from down the street from the old building and depicts the five-story stone facade of the building.
Postcard black and white art featuring the 15th Street old Stuyvesant High School building, of 1905–1907, now known since 1992 as the Old Stuyvesant Campus housing several smaller secondary and charter schools

In August 1904, the Board of Education authorized municipal architect and engineer Snyder to design a new facility for Stuyvesant High School at 15th Street.[45] The new high school structure was designed in the then popular Beaux-Arts and Neoclassical / Classical Revival architecture for its grand imposing style. It would be shaped like the letter "H", with two interior light courts; the shape also allowed natural light to illuminate more inside windows and parts of the building.[14]: 3  The cornerstone for the new building was laid in September 1905.[46] Approximately $1.5 million was spent on constructing the school, including $600,000 for the monumental stone exterior alone.[47] It was considered one of the most expensive public buildings or school structures ever built up to that time in New York, and considered a point of civic pride in the early 20th century. In 1907, the Stuyvesant High School moved to the new building on 15th Street.[17] The new building had a capacity of 2,600 students, more than double that of the existing previous temporary school building of the last few years at 23rd Street.[46] It contained 25 classrooms devoted to skilled industrial trades such as joinery, as well as 53 regular classrooms and a 1,600-seat auditorium.[47]

A view of the facade of the Old Stuyvesant Campus in 2021. There have been few modifications to the facade compared to the 1909 postcard view. The school name remains engraved in the pediment.
Modern color photograph of former S.H.S., 1907–1992, now renamed The Old Stuyvesant Campus on East 15th Street, as seen in 2021

A half-century later, uring the 1950s, the building underwent a $2 million renovation to update its classrooms, shops, libraries, and cafeterias.[22]

Unfortunately through the 1970s and 1980s, when New York City municipal government and especially the public schools system, in general, were marked by violence, vandalism / graffiti and low academic grades among their students, Stuyvesant High still had an excellent academic reputation for being a top-notch public high school, and was still graduating well-prepared and accomplished alumni, (judging from their track record now four decades later). However, the 1905–1907 school building was deteriorating due to overuse and lack of proper maintenance. A New York Times daily newspaper expose report stated that the building had "held out into old age with minimal maintenance and benign neglect until its peeling paint, creaking floorboards and antiquated laboratories became an embarrassment." The five-story building could not cater adequately to the several thousand students, leading the New York City Board of Education to make plans to move the school to a new building in Battery Park City, near lower Manhattan's Financial District.[17] The 15th Street building remains in use over 32 years later as the "Old Stuyvesant Campus," housing three smaller schools: the Institute for Collaborative Education,[48] the High School for Health Professions and Human Services,[49] and lower grades of PS 226.[50]

Current building

[edit]

In the 83rd year of its history of 1987, the 105th Mayor of New York City, Ed Koch (1924–2013, served 1978–1989), and 52nd Governor of New York State Mario Cuomo (1932–2015, served 1983–1994), jointly announced the coming construction project of a third new Stuyvesant High School building to be situated in Battery Park City of lower Manhattan. The Battery Park City Authority donated 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) of land for the new building.[51] The authority was not required to hire the lowest bidder, which meant that the construction process could be accelerated in return for a higher cost.[51] The building was designed by the architectural firms of Gruzen Samton Steinglass and Cooper, Robertson & Partners.[52] The structure's main architect, Alexander Cooper of Cooper, Robertson & Partners, had also designed much of the surrounding development of Battery Park City.[51]

View of Stuyvesant High School's facade from about a quarter-mile away. Most of the facade is orange brick, but the three-story entranceway at the center of the image is made of metal.
The facade as seen from Battery Park City
View of the Tribeca Bridge, a pedestrian bridge, from the southeast corner of Chambers and West Streets. The bridge connects the east side of West Street to Stuyvesant High School on the street's west side.
The new building (left) as seen from the corner of Chambers and West streets. The Tribeca Bridge (right) is used as one of the building's entrances.
View of the Tribeca Bridge, a pedestrian bridge, with students entering Stuyvesant High School using the bridge, soon after its opening
Students entering Stuyvesant High School using the Tribeca Bridge, soon after its opening

Stuyvesant's principal at the time, Abraham Baumel, visited the country's most advanced laboratories to gather ideas about what to include in the new Stuyvesant building's 12 laboratory rooms. The new 10-story building also included banks of escalators, glass-walled studios on the roof, and a shorter four-story northern wing with a swimming pool, five gymnasiums, and an auditorium.[51] Construction began in 1989. When it finally opened five years later in 1992, the building was New York City's first new high school building in ten years. The new downtown Stuyvesant Campus cost $150 million, making it the most expensive high school building ever built in the city at the time.[17] The S.H.S. Library has a capacity of 40,000 volumes and overlooks Battery Park City.[53]

Shortly after the third S.H.S. building was completed, the $10 million Tribeca Bridge was built to allow students to enter the building without having to cross the busy West Street. The building was designed to be fully compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (A.D.A.) and is listed as such by the New York City Department of Education. As a result, the building is one of the 5 additional sites of P721M, a school for students with multiple disabilities who are between the ages of 15 and 21.[54]

In 1997, the eastern end of the mathematics floor was dedicated to Richard Rothenberg, the S.H.S. mathematics department chairman who had died from a sudden heart attack earlier that year. Sculptor Madeleine Segall-Marx was commissioned to create the Rothenberg Memorial in his honor. She created a mathematics wall entitled "Celebration", consisting of 50 wooden boxes—one for each year of his life—behind a glass wall, featuring mathematical concepts and reflections on Rothenberg.[55]

In 2006, Robert Ira Lewy of the class of 1960 made a gift worth $1 million to found the Dr. Robert Ira Lewy M.D. Multimedia Center.[56] and donated his personal library in 2007.[57] In late 2010, the high school's library merged with the New York Public Library (NYPL) network in a four-year pilot program, in which all students of the school received a S.H.S. / N.Y.P.L. student library card so they could check books out of the school library or any other public library in the NYPL system.[58]

An unfortunate escalator collapse at Stuyvesant High School on September 13, 2018, 26 years after it was built / installed, injured 10 people, including 8 students.[59][60] As a result, various escalators remained closed off to students for examination / study and renovation for the next few years.

Mnemonics

[edit]
A wall in the school decorated with a mural named "Mnemonics." The mural was created in 1992 by Kristin Jones and Andrew Ginzel.
Mnemonics, 1992 (Kristin Jones/Andrew Ginzel)

During construction, the Battery Park City Authority, the Percent for Art Program of the City of New York, the Department of Cultural Affairs, and the New York City Board of Education commissioned Mnemonics, an artwork by public artists Kristin Jones and Andrew Ginzel. Four hundred hollow glass blocks were dispersed randomly from the basement to the tenth floor of the new Stuyvesant High School building. Each block contains relics providing evidence of geographical, historical, natural, cultural, and social worlds, from antiquity to the present time.[61]

The blocks are set into the hallway walls and scattered throughout the building. Each block is inscribed with a brief description of its contents or context. The items displayed include a section of the Great Wall of China, fragments of the Mayan pyramids, leaves from the sacred Bo tree, water from the Nile and Ganges Rivers, a Revolutionary War button, pieces of the 15th Street Stuyvesant building, a report card of a student who studied in the old building, and fragments of monuments from around the world, various chemical compounds, and memorabilia from each of the 88 years' history of the 15th Street building. Empty blocks were also installed to be filled with items chosen by each of the graduating classes up through 2080.[61] The S.H.S. installation later received the Award for Excellence in Design from the Art Commission of the City of New York.[62]

Transportation

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The New York City Subway's Chambers Street station, served by the 1, ​2, and ​3 trains, is located nearby, as well as the Chambers Street–World Trade Center station served by the A, ​C, and ​E trains.[63] Additionally, New York City Bus's M9, M20 and M22 routes stop near Stuyvesant.[64] Students residing a certain distance from the school are provided full-fare or half-fare student MetroCards for public transportation at the start of each term, based on how far away the student resides from the school.[65] As of 2024, students are provided with OMNY cards that offer four free rides throughout the day, as well as public transportation access over the weekend.[66]

Enrollment

[edit]
Student body composition as of 2022[67]
Race and ethnicity Total
Asian 71.7% 71.7
 
White 18.3% 18.3
 
Hispanic 3.8% 3.8
 
Two or more Races 3.5% 3.5
 
Black 1.4% 1.4
 
American Indian/Alaska Native 0.7% 0.7
 
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.6% 0.6
 
Sex Total
Male 58% 58
 
Female 42% 42
 
Income Total
Economically disadvantaged 48% 48
 

Entrance examination

[edit]

Stuyvesant has a total enrollment of over 3,000 students[68] and is open to residents of New York City entering ninth or tenth grade. Enrollment is based solely on performance on the three-hour Specialized High Schools Admissions Test,[69]: 25  which is administered annually. Approximately 28,000 students took the test in 2017.[69]: 10  The list of schools using the SHSAT has since grown to include eight of New York's nine specialized high schools. The test score necessary for admission to Stuyvesant has consistently been higher than that needed for admission to the other schools using the test.[70] Admission is currently based on an individual's score on the examination and the pre-submitted ranking of Stuyvesant among the other specialized schools. Ninth- and rising tenth–grade students are also eligible to take the test for enrollment, but far fewer students are admitted that way.[71] The test covers math (word problems and computation) and verbal (reading comprehension) skills. Former Mayor John Lindsay and community activist group Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) have argued that the exam may be biased against African and Hispanic Americans,[72] while attempts to eliminate the exam have been criticized as discriminatory against Asian Americans.[73]

A view of the steel-and-glass main entrance to Stuyvesant High School. There is a sign above the entrance with the school's name in large capital letters.
Main entrance to Stuyvesant High School third buildings / campus on Chambers Street in Battery Park City of lower Manhattan since 1992, with open two-stories ground level gap, as seen in 2021.

Demographics and SHSAT controversy

[edit]

For most of the 20th century, the student body at Stuyvesant High was not only all-male (1904–1969), but also heavily Jewish. A significant influx of Asian students began in the 1970s; by 2019, 74% of the Stuyvesant students in attendance were Asian-American (53% from families with low incomes).[73] In the 2013 academic year, the student body was 72.43% Asian, 21.44% Caucasian, 1.03% African American, 2.34% Hispanic, and 3% unknown/other.[74] The paucity of Black and Hispanic students at Stuyvesant High has often been an issue for some city administrators. In 1971, then 103rd New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay (1921–2000, served 1966–1973), argued that the test was culturally biased against black and Hispanic students and sought to implement an affirmative action program.[27] However, protests by parents forced the plan to be scrapped and led to the passage of the Hecht-Calandra Act, in the New York State Legislature which preserved admissions by examination only.[75] A small number of students judged to be economically disadvantaged and who came within a few points of the cut-off score were given an extra chance to pass the test.[76]

Community activist group ACORN International published two reports in 1996, titled Secret Apartheid and Secret Apartheid II. In these reports, ACORN called the SHSAT "permanently suspect" and described it as a "product of an institutional racism," saying that black and Hispanic students did not have access to proper test preparation materials.[72] Along with then New York Schools Chancellor Rudy Crew (born 1950, N.Y.C. public schools chancellor, 1995–1999), they began an initiative for more diversity in the city's gifted and specialized schools, in particular demanding the SHSAT be suspended altogether until the city's Board of Education was able to show all children have had access to appropriate materials to prepare themselves. Students published several editorials in response to ACORN's claims, stating the admissions system at the school was based on student merit, not race.[24][77]

A number of students take preparatory courses offered by private tutorial companies such as The Princeton Review and Kaplan, Inc. to perform better on the SHSAT, often leaving those unable to afford such classes at a disadvantage. To bridge this gap and boost minority admissions, the Board of Education started the Math Science Institute in 1995,[78] a free program to prepare students for the admissions test.[79] Students attend preparatory classes through the program, now known as the Specialized High School Institute (also known as DREAM),[80] at several schools around the city from the summer after sixth grade until the eighth-grade exam. Despite the implementation of these free programs for improving underprivileged children's enrollment, black and Hispanic enrollment continued to decline.[81] After further expansion of those free test prep programs, there was still no increase in percentages to the attendance of black and Hispanic children.[73] As of 2019, fewer than 1% of freshman openings were given to black students, while over 66% were given to Asian-American students, most of whom had similar socioeconomic backgrounds to those of the black students.[73][82]

The New York City Department of Education reported in 2003 that public per student spending at Stuyvesant High School is slightly lower than the city average.[83] Stuyvesant also receives private contributions from alumni, retired faculty, charitable foundations and educational grants to build up a school endowment.[84]

Academics

[edit]

The college-preparatory curriculum at Stuyvesant mostly includes four years of English, history, and laboratory-based sciences. The sciences courses include requisite biology, chemistry, and physics classes. Students also take four years of mathematics.[85] Students also take three years of a single foreign language; a semester each of introductory art, music, health, and technical drawing; one semester of computer science; and two lab-based technology courses.[85] Several exemptions from technology education exist for seniors.[86][87] Stuyvesant offers students a broad selection of elective courses. Some of the more notable offerings include astronomy, New York City history, Women's Voices, and Computer Graphics Design in the Computer Science Area.[88] Most students complete the New York City Regents courses by junior year and take calculus during their senior year. However, the school offers math courses through differential equations for the more advanced students. A year of technical drawing was formerly required; students learned how to draft by hand in its first semester and how to draft using a computer in the second. Now, students take a one-semester compacted version of the former drafting course, as well as a semester of introductory computer science. For the class of 2015, the one-semester computer science course was replaced with a two-semester course.[85]

The escalators from the seventh to ninth floors. A Stuyvesant art class created the banner in the background.

As a specialized high school, Stuyvesant offers a wide range of Advanced Placement (AP) courses.[89] These courses focus on math, science, history, English, or foreign languages. This gives students various opportunities to earn college credit. AP computer science students can also take three additional computer programming courses after the completion of the AP course: systems level programming, computer graphics, and software development.[90] In addition, there is a one-year computer networking class which can earn students Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification.[91]

Stuyvesant's foreign language offerings include Mandarin Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Latin, and Spanish.[92] In 2005, the school also started offering courses in Arabic after the school's Muslim Student Association had raised funds to support the course.[93] Stuyvesant's biology and geo-science department offers courses in molecular biology, human physiology, medical ethics, medical and veterinary diagnosis, human disease, anthropology and sociobiology, vertebrate zoology, laboratory techniques, medical human genetics, botany, the molecular basis of cancer, nutrition science, and psychology.[94] The chemistry and physics departments include classes in organic chemistry, physical chemistry, astronomy, engineering mechanics, and electronics.[95]

Although Stuyvesant is primarily known for its math and science focus, the school also has a comprehensive humanities program. The English Department offers students courses in British and classical literature, Shakespearean literature, science fiction, philosophy, existentialism, debate, acting, journalism, creative writing, and poetry.[96] The Social Studies core requires two years of global history (or one year of global followed by one year of European history), one year of American history, as well as a semester each of economics and government. Humanities electives include American foreign policy; civil and criminal law, prejudice and persecution, and race, ethnicity and gender issues.[97]

In 2004, Stuyvesant High entered into an agreement with the City College of New York (C.C.N.Y. – part of the larger City University of New York), which the college funds advanced after-school courses that are taken for college credit but taught by S.H.S. faculty. Some of these courses include linear algebra, advanced Euclidean geometry, and women's history.[98][99]

Prior to the 2005 revision of the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test), Stuyvesant graduates had an average score of 1408 out of 1600 (685 in the verbal section of the test, 723 in the math section).[83] In 2010, the average score on the SAT for Stuyvesant students was 2087 out of 2400,[100] while the class of 2013 had an average SAT score of 2096.[101] As of 2023, Stuyvesant students' average SAT score was 1510 of 1600 points.[102] Stuyvesant also administers more Advanced Placement exams than supposedly any other high school in the world, as well as the highest number of students who reach the AP courses' "mastery level".[103] As of 2018, there are 31 AP classes offered, with a little more than half of all students taking at least one AP class, and about 98% of students pass their AP tests.[102]

Extracurricular activities

[edit]
View of the end of the Tribeca pedestrian bridge. There are four steel-and-glass doors in the center of the picture, marking the entrance to the school. The bridge is entirely enclosed by glass panes with metal beams on three sides, as well as a steel floor.
Entrance from the Tribeca Bridge

Sports

[edit]

Stuyvesant fields 32 athletics varsity teams, including the swimming, golf, bowling, volleyball, soccer, basketball, gymnastics, wrestling, fencing, baseball/softball, American handball, tennis, track/cross country, cricket, football, and lacrosse teams.[104] In addition, Stuyvesant has ultimate teams for the boys' varsity, boys' junior varsity, and girls' varsity divisions.[105]

15 years after moving to Chambers Street in Battery Park City, in September 2007, the Stuyvesant High football team was given a home field at Pier 40, on the Hudson River waterfront of the westside of Manhattan situated north of the school at Houston Street and West Street. In 2008, the baseball team was granted use of the pier after construction and delivery of an artificial turf pitching mound that met Public Schools Athletic League specifications.[106] Stuyvesant also has its own swimming pool, but it does not contain its own running track or tennis court.[107] Unlike most American high schools, most sports teams at Stuyvesant are individually known by different names. Only the football, cheerleading, girls' table tennis, baseball, girls' handball, and boys' lacrosse teams retain the traditional Pegleg monikers.[104]

Student government

[edit]

The student body of Stuyvesant High School is represented by the Stuyvesant Student Union,[108] a student government. It comprises a group of students (elected each year for each grade) who serve the student body in two important areas: improving student life by promoting and managing extracurricular activities (clubs and publications), by organizing out-of-school activity such as city excursions or fundraisers; and providing a voice to the student body in all discussion of school policy with the administration.[109]

Clubs and publications

[edit]

Stuyvesant allows students to join clubs, publications, and teams under a system similar to that of many colleges.[110] As of 2015, the school had 150 student clubs.[111]

The Spectator

[edit]
Main article: The Spectator (Stuyvesant High School)

The Spectator is Stuyvesant's official in-school newspaper, which is published biweekly and is independent from the school administration and faculty.[112] There are over 250 students who help with its publication.[112] At the beginning of the fall and spring terms, there are recruitments, but interested students may join at any time.[113]

Founded in 1915 (and now 109 years old), The Spectator is one of Stuyvesant's oldest publications.[114] It has a long-standing connection with its older namesake; the Columbia University's Columbia Daily Spectator, and has been recognized by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism's well-known nation-wide Columbia Scholastic Press Association.[115] founded 1925.

The Voice

[edit]
A picture of the black-and-white cover of the May 1977 issue of "The Voice." The word "Voice" is printed in bubble letters at the top of the cover. The cover picture is of a male with his hands extended away from his body as a police officer interacts with him. The cover story's title, "Your Rights," is located on the picture's left-hand side.
Cover of the May 1977 issue of The Voice

The Voice was founded in the 1973–1974 academic year as an independent publication only loosely sanctioned by school officials.[114] It had the appearance of a magazine and gained a large readership. The Voice attracted a considerable amount of controversy and a First Amendment Constitutional lawsuit, after which the administration forced it to go off-campus and to turn commercial in 1975–1976.[114]

At the beginning of the 1975–1976 academic year, The Voice decided to publish the results of a confidential random survey measuring the "sexual attitudes, preferences, knowledge and experience" of the students.[116] The administration refused to permit The Voice to distribute the questionnaire, and the Board of Education refused to intervene, believing that "irreparable psychological damage" would be occasioned on some of the students receiving it.[116] The then editor-in-chief of The Voice, Jeff Trachtman, brought a First Amendment challenge to this decision to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in front of Judge Constance Baker Motley.[116]

Motley, relying on the relatively recent U.S. Supreme Court precedent Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District of November 1968 / February 1969, holding that "undifferentiated fear or apprehension of disturbance is not enough to overcome the right to freedom of expression"),[117] ordered the New York City Board of Education to come up with an arrangement permitting the distribution of the survey to the juniors and seniors.[116] However, Judge Motley's ruling was overturned on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.[118] There Judge J. Edward Lumbard, joined by Judge Murray Gurfein and over an impassioned dissent by third Judge Walter R. Mansfield, held that the distribution of the questionnaires was properly disallowed by the administration since there was the basis for the belief that it might "result in significant emotional harm to a number of students throughout the Stuyvesant High School population."[118] The higher level U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari review.[119]

SING!

[edit]
A black-and-white playbill for the SING V program in 1977. There are two double-black-outlined boxes on a white background. The top box text is "the STUYVESANT HIGH SCHOOL UNION proudly presents," then the icon for SING V in stencil letters, followed by the performance dates. The bottom box, which contains three-quarter circles at its corners, consists of a crude sketch of a backstage area.
SING V program, 1977

The annual theater competition known as SING! pits seniors, juniors, and "soph-frosh" (freshmen and sophomores working together) against each other in a contest to put on the best performance. SING! started in 1947 at Midwood High School in Brooklyn[120][121] and has expanded to many New York City high schools since then.[122] SING! at Stuyvesant started as a small event in 1973,[123] and since then, has grown to a school-wide event; in 2005, nearly 1,000 students participated. The entire production is written, directed, produced, and funded by students.[123] Their involvement ranges from being members of the production's casts, choruses, or costume and tech crews to Step, Hip-Hop, Swing, Modern, Bolly, Flow, Tap or Latin dance groups. SING! begins in late January to February and culminates in final performances on three nights in March/April.[123] Scoring is done on each night's performances and the winner is determined by the overall total.[123] In 2023, soph-frosh won SING! for the first time in the tradition's fifty-one year history.

Reputation

[edit]

The Stuyvesant High School has produced many notable alumni, including four Nobel laureates.[124][125] In 2017, Stuyvesant was ranked 71st in national rankings by U.S. News & World Report news magazine and 21st among STEM high schools.[126] In December 2007, The Wall Street Journal financial / business / economics newspaper studied the freshman classes at eight selective colleges in the U.S. and reported that Stuyvesant sent 67 students to these schools, comprising 9.9% of its 674 seniors.[127] In recent years, the Stuyvesant High's own ''Spectator'' has reported on college admissions of the graduating classes, with Class of 2021 having 133 students offered admission to Ivy League institutions.[128]

Stuyvesant, along with other similar schools, has regularly been excluded from the news magazine Newsweek's annual list of the Top 100 Public High Schools. The May 8, 2008, issue states the reason as being, "because so many of their students score well above average on the SAT and ACT."[129][130] U.S. News & World Report news magazine however, included Stuyvesant on its list of "Best High Schools" published in December 2009, ranking 31st.[131] In its 2010 progress report, the New York City Department of Education assigned S.H.S. an "A", the highest possible grade.[132]

Stuyvesant has contributed to the education of several Nobel laureates, winner of the Fields Medal, and other accomplished alumni. In recent years, it has had the second highest number of National Merit Scholarship semi-finalists, behind Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in Alexandria, Virginia.[133] From 2002 to 2010, Stuyvesant has produced 103 semi-finalists and 13 finalists on the Intel Science Talent Search, the second most of any secondary school in the United States behind the Bronx High School of Science.[134] In 2014, Stuyvesant had 11 semi-finalists for the Intel Search, the highest number of any school in the U.S.[111]

In the 2010s, exam schools, including Stuyvesant, have been the subject of studies questioning their academic effectiveness.[135] A study by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and Duke University (Durham, North Carolina) economists compared high school outcomes for Stuyvesant students who barely passed the SHSAT score required for admission, to those of applicants just below that score, using the latter as a natural control group of peers who attended other schools. The study found no discernible average difference in the two groups' later performance on New York state exams.[136]

A Stuyvesant High physical education T-shirt became iconic in the 1980s music scene because Beastie Boys rapper Ad-Rock (Adam Horowitz) wore one in the (You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!) music video; the band's original drummer Kate Schellenbach is a Stuyvesant alumna, while Horowitz attended Saint Ann's School (Brooklyn).[137]

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: List of Stuyvesant High School people
See also: Category:Stuyvesant High School alumni

Notable scientists among Stuyvesant alumni include mathematicians Bertram Kostant (1945)[138] and Paul Cohen (1950),[139] string theorist Brian Greene (1980),[140] physicist Lisa Randall (1980),[141] and genomic researcher Eric Lander (1974).[142] Other prominent alumni include civil rights leader Bob Moses,[143] MAD Magazine editor Nick Meglin (1953),[144] entertainers such as songwriter and Steely Dan founder Walter Becker, Thelonious Monk (1935),[145] and actors Lucy Liu (1986),[146] Tim Robbins (1976),[147] and James Cagney (1918),[148] comedian Paul Reiser (1973),[149] playwright Arthur M. Jolly (1987),[150] sports anchor Mike Greenberg (1985), and Columbia University, early NBA and minor league pro basketball player and bookmaker Jack Molinas (1949).[151] In business, government and politics, former United States Attorney General Eric Holder in the Obama presidential administration (1969) is a Stuyvesant alumnus,[152] as are 2008 presidential election campaign manager and later presidential administration Senior Advisor to President Barack Obama David Axelrod (1972)[153] and former adviser to earlier President Bill Clinton, of Dick Morris (1964).[154]

Pulitzer Prize-winning author Frank McCourt was an S.H.S. faculty member and taught English at Stuyvesant before the publication of his memoirs Angela's Ashes, 'Tis, and Teacher Man. Teacher Man's third section, titled Coming Alive in Room 205, concerns McCourt's time at Stuyvesant, and mentions a number of students and fellow faculty.[155] Former New York City Council member Eva Moskowitz (1982) graduated from the high school,[156] as did the creator of the BitTorrent protocol, Bram Cohen (1993).[157] A notable Olympic Games medalist from the school was foil fencer Albert Axelrod.[158] Economist Thomas Sowell was also a student of Stuyvesant High School, but dropped out early at age 17 because of financial difficulties and problems in his home.[159] Russian (and former Soviet Union) journalist / propagandist Vladimir Pozner Jr., known in the West for his numerous appearances during the 1980s and 1990s on the ABC News late evening program Nightline, with Ted Koppel, on the topic: U.S.–Soviet Space Bridge and influential longtime daytime talk show host / moderator Phil Donahue, was also a student of Stuyvesant High School.

Four Nobel laureates are Stuyvesant alumni (plus one who shares a Nobel Prize with a coalition):[124]

In the media

[edit]

In the film The Glass Wall, (1953) drama film noir genre, the character Freddie Zakoyla attended what was called "Peter Stuyvesant High School."

See also

[edit]

• History of Brooklyn

References

[edit]
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