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Perfect and imperfect rhymes

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(Redirected from Near rhyme)

Perfect rhyme — also called full rhyme, exact rhyme,[1] or true rhyme — is a form of rhyme between two words or phrases, satisfying the following conditions:[2][3]

  • The stressed vowel sound in both words must be identical, as well as any subsequent sounds. For example, the words "kit" and "bit" form a perfect rhyme.[4][5]
  • The onset of the stressed syllable in the words must differ. For example, "pot" and "hot" are a perfect rhyme, while "leave" and "believe" are not.

Word pairs that satisfy the first condition but not the second (such as the aforementioned "leave" and "believe") are technically identities (also known as identical rhymes or identicals). Homophones, being words of different meaning but identical pronunciation, are an example of identical rhyme.[3]

Imperfect rhyme

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"Sprung rhyme" redirects here. Not to be confused with Sprung rhythm.

Half rhyme or imperfect rhyme, sometimes called near-rhyme, lazy rhyme, or slant rhyme, is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical, or vice versa. This type of rhyme is also called approximate rhyme, inexact rhyme, imperfect rhyme (in contrast to perfect rhyme), off rhyme, analyzed rhyme, suspended rhyme, or sprung rhyme.[6][7][8][9]

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Rock and punk

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In the 1977 song "God Save the Queen" by the English punk rock band the Sex Pistols, the authors create a rhyme with the lines "God save the queen" and "the fascist regime".[10]

The 1979 song "Up the Junction" by English new wave band Squeeze makes extensive use of half-rhyme. The opening verse, for example:

I never thought it would happen
With me and a girl from Clapham
Out on the windy common
That night I ain't forgotten

Hip hop and rap

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See also: Rapping § Rhyme

Half rhyme is often used, along with assonance, in rap music. This can be used to avoid rhyming clichés (e.g., rhyming "knowledge" with "college") or obvious rhymes and gives the writer greater freedom and flexibility in forming lines of verse. Additionally, some words have no perfect rhyme in English, necessitating the use of slant rhyme.[11] The use of half rhyme may also enable the construction of longer multisyllabic rhymes than otherwise possible.[12]

In the following lines from the song "N.Y. State of Mind" by rapper Nas, the author uses half rhyme in a complex cross rhyme pattern:

And be prosperous, though we live dangerous
Cops could just arrest me, blamin' us, we're held like hostages

Unconventional exceptions

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Children's nursery rhyme This Little Piggy displays an unconventional case of slant rhyme. "Home" is rhymed with "none".

This little piggy stayed (at) home...this little piggy had none.

In The Hives's song "Dead Quote Olympics", singer Howlin' Pelle Almqvist rhymes "idea" with "library":[13][14]

This time you really got something, it's such a clever idea
 But it doesn't mean it's good because you found it at the libra-ri-a

See also

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Sources

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  • Smith, M., Joshi, A. (2020). Rhymes in the Flow: How Rappers Flip the Beat. United States: University of Michigan Press.
  • The Princeton Handbook of Poetic Terms: Third Edition. (2016). United States: Princeton University Press.
  • Lasser, M. (2019). City Songs and American Life, 1900-1950. United Kingdom: University of Rochester Press.
  • Barnes, W. (1854). A Philological Grammar: Grounded Upon English, and Formed from a Comparison of More Than Sixty Languages. Being an Introduction to the Science of Grammar and a Help to Grammars of All Languages, Especially English, Latin and Greek. United Kingdom: J. R. Smith.
  • Stoker, J. (2015). Slant Rhyme. United Kingdom: Xlibris US.

References

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  1. ^ Glossary of Poetic Terms from BOB'S BYWAY, Letter E
  2. ^ Alexander Bain (1867). English Composition and Rhetoric. New York: D. Appleton and company. pp. 290.
  3. ^ a b Sheila Davis (1984). The Craft of Lyric Writing. Writer's Digest Books. p. 185. ISBN 9780898791495.
  4. ^ "Exact Rhyme - Examples and Definition of Exact Rhyme". Literary Devices. 2019-05-01. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  5. ^ "Rhyme | poetic device". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  6. ^ Ian Ousby (23 February 1996). The Cambridge Paperback Guide to Literature in English. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-521-43627-4. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  7. ^ "Literary Terms and Definitions S". Web.cn.edu. Retrieved 2013-05-20.
  8. ^ Nutt, Joe (2011-10-03). A Guidebook to Paradise Lost. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137267931.
  9. ^ Ward, Jean Elizabeth (2010-10-11). "Gerald Manley Hopkins Sprung Rhyme Information". AXS TV. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  10. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The Sex Pistols - Never Mind The Bollocks". YouTube.
  11. ^ "Exploring Modern Day Poetry (aka Hip-Hop)". Retrieved 31 Mar 2014.
  12. ^ "The poetry of hip hop: A playlist for your classroom". Britannica. 2018-04-10. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  13. ^ "Hives".
  14. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The Hives - Dead Quote Olympics". YouTube.
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