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London Scottish (regiment)

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For other uses, see London Scottish (disambiguation).

A (The London Scottish) Company
Cap Badge of the London Scottish
Active1859–1919
1920–2022
Country United Kingdom
Branch Army Reserve
TypeInfantry
RoleLight infantry
SizeOne company
Part ofLondon Regiment
Garrison/HQ59 Buckingham Gate (1886–1985)[1]
Horseferry Road drill hall (1985–2017)
76D Rochester Row (2017–present)
Nickname(s)Cockney Jocks (Piccadilly Allsorts) (Duke of Bangkok's Rifles)
Motto(s)Strike Sure
MarchHighland Laddie
Anniversaries31 October 1914. First TA unit into action in WWI, Messines Ridge, 1st Battle of Ypres
Commanders
Honorary Regimental ColonelLord Geidt GCB GCVO OBE QSO PC
Colonel of
the Regiment		Air Vice-Marshal Ranald Torquil Ian Munro CBE TD VR[2]
Insignia
TartanHodden Grey
Unknown U.K. Soldier 1921 (London Scottish)
97th (London Scottish) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery in Italy, 1944 (IWM NA18197)

The London Scottish was a reserve infantry regiment then a company of the British Army. In its final incarnation it was A (The London Scottish) Company, the London Regiment until, on 1 May 2022, soldiers in the company transferred to foot guards regiments and the company became G (Messines) Company, Scots Guards, 1st Battalion London Guards.[3][4]

History

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The London Scottish during the First World War, 1914
Messines Memorial

Formation

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The regiment was founded on the formation of the Volunteer Force in 1859.[5] Originally as part of the Volunteer Force sponsored by The Highland Society of London and The Caledonian Society of London, a group of individual Scots raised The London Scottish Rifle Volunteers under the command of Lt Col Lord Elcho, later The Earl of Wemyss and March.[6] The regiment became the 7th (London Scottish) Middlesex Volunteer Rifle Corps and then, in 1908, the 14th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment (London Scottish).[7]

First World War

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The 1/14th Battalion was mobilized on the outbreak of war, departing for France on 15 September 1914. On 31 October 1914 the battalion encountered German forces at Messines in Belgium, the first territorial unit to do so – a memorial stands on the site.[8] The 2/14th Battalion embarked for France in June 1916 but was then transferred to Salonika and Palestine.[8]

Inter-war

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In 1937, on the break-up of the London Regiment, the unit was re-named The London Scottish, The Gordon Highlanders.[7]

Second World War

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The London Scottish raised three battalions during the Second World War, two of which served overseas. Both of the overseas battalions served with the Middle Eastern Forces in Sicily and Italy. The battalions were:

1st Battalion

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The peacetime battalion of the regiment, served as infantry within the 168th (London) Infantry Brigade (alongside the 1st London Irish Rifles and 10th Royal Berkshire Regiment), part of the 56th (London) Infantry Division (nicknamed "The Black Cats"), playing a significant part in the Italian Campaign, fighting in the Allied invasion of Sicily, fighting at Monte Cassino, Battle of Anzio, Gothic Line (afterwards transferred to 167th (London) Infantry Brigade) and Operation Grapeshot, the final offensive in Italy in 1945.[9]

2nd Battalion

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Raised as a 'duplicate' of the 1st Battalion, with a core of officers and senior NCOs from that battalion. The battalion initially served in the 141st (London) Infantry Brigade, 47th (London) Infantry Division.[10]

3rd Battalion

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Main article: 97th (The London Scottish) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery

When the duplicate battalion was formed in April 1939, the regiment had enough recruits to form a third battalion; permission was granted provided it was formed as an anti-aircraft (AA) regiment of the Royal Artillery. It was designated 97th (The London Scottish) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA and formed with HQ and two batteries (298 and 299) at Westminster.[11] It served in 1st AA Division (the old 47th (2nd London) Division) defending London during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz.[12][13][14] In March 1943 it left for North Africa where it joined British Eighth Army,[12][14][15] and served with it in the Allied invasion of Sicily and Italian Campaign.[12][16] With the depletion of the Luftwaffe and the reduced requirement for AA defences, it was converted in November 1944 into 97th (London Scottish) Garrison Regiment, RA, later designated 610 Infantry Regiment, RA.[12][14][17][18][19] When the TA was reconstituted in 1947, 610 Regiment was reformed as 497th (London) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA at Hammersmith, later renamed 497th (Hammersmith) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA, without any London Scottish connection.[20]

Post-war

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In 1967 the London Scottish tradition was resurrected on the formation of G (London Scottish) Company 1st Battalion 51st Highland Volunteers.[7] From 1992, the tradition was carried on by A (London Scottish) Company of the London Regiment (1993), which provided Reserves for the Foot Guards.[21]

London Scottish Cadet Corps

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The London Scottish Cadet Corps, which was formed around 1902, had three companies, a pipe band and its own colours and was sponsored by the regiment.[22] The corps evolved to become 235 Westminster Detachment (London Scottish Regiment), part of 23 Company Middlesex and North West London Army Cadet Force: it is based at the Rochester Row Army Reserve Centre in Westminster and alongside 102 (Bromley), and 95 (Southwark) detachments (Part of South East London Army Cadet Force) are the sole surviving cadet units maintaining the traditions of the regiment.[23]

Uniforms

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Private Ernest Lockwood (1899–1980), 1917

From its establishment in 1859 The London Scottish wore Hodden Grey uniforms with dark blue facings.[24] This unique colour remained as full dress for the entire regiment until 1914[25] and survives in the modern kilts and mess dress.[26]

Hodden Grey

Regimental Pipes and Drums

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Regimental Drum

Being founded right after the regiment was raised, the Regimental Pipes and Drums of The London Scottish is one of the oldest army pipe bands in the world.[27] It wears its distinctive Hodden Grey tartan maintaining the traditions of the original London Scottish. The pipes and drums accompany the entire regiment during official dinners, military parades, presentation of colours and other regimental functions, effectively providing musical support. It has performed at many high profile events in the City of London as well as Greater London, most notably the Beating Retreat, Lord Mayor's Show and The Royal Caledonian Ball. Outside of the United Kingdom, the band has had the opportunity to perform at many parades and military tattoos in countries such as Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Uzbekistan and Jamaica.[28]

From 1953 to 2002, the Pipe Major of the London Scottish held the position of Piper to the Queen Mother.[29]

Alliances

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Victoria Crosses

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Three members of the regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross:

Commanders

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Memorials

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The unit's First World War and Second World War memorials are located in the Drill Hall at London Scottish House, 95 Horseferry Road in Westminster.[32]

  • Detail of the Messines memorial
    Detail of the Messines memorial
  • Detail of the Messines memorial
    Detail of the Messines memorial
  • Detail of the Messines memorial
    Detail of the Messines memorial
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  • Lord Elcho
    Lord Elcho
  • Bromsgrove Cemetery, gravestone of 2nd Lieutenant R.D. Cotton MC
    Bromsgrove Cemetery, gravestone of 2nd Lieutenant R.D. Cotton MC

References

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  1. ^ "London Scottish Regiment H.Q." Plaques of London. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  2. ^ "About the band". London Scottish. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Minutes of an Annual General Meeting of the London Regiment Association held on Monday 28 February 2022 at 100 hours at Battalion Headquarters of the London Regiment, 27 St John's Hill, London SW11 1TT" (PDF).
  4. ^ "Letter From: Lieutenant General C R V Walker DSO, Regimental Lieutenant Colonel regarding the Integrated Review" (PDF).
  5. ^ War Office Circular, 12 May 1859, published in The Times, 13 May.
  6. ^ Blain, Rev. Michael (2007). The Canterbury Association (1848–1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections (PDF). Christchurch: Project Canterbury. pp. 29–30. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  7. ^ a b c "A Company history". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  8. ^ a b "The London Regiment". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  9. ^ Joslen, p. 230
  10. ^ Joslen, p. 238
  11. ^ "1 AA Division 1939 at British Military History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  12. ^ a b c d "1 AA Division 1940 at British Military History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  13. ^ 1 AA Division 1940 at RA 39–45 Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ a b c 97 HAA Rgt at RA 39–45 Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Joslen, pp. 484–5.
  16. ^ Joslen, pp. 466–7.
  17. ^ 97 Garrison Rgt at RA 39–45 Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ 610 Infantry Rgt at RA 39–45 Archived 2014-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Joslen, p. 467.
  20. ^ "British Army units from 1945 on – 474 – 519 Regiments 1947–67". british-army-units1945on.co.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  21. ^ "History of the Regiment". The London Scottish Regiment. Archived from the original on 12 June 2003. Retrieved 27 April 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  22. ^ Regimental Gazette
  23. ^ "Locations". Army Cadets. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  24. ^ Robert and Christopher Wilkinson-Latham, page 157 Infantry Uniforms Book Two" ISBN 0713705256
  25. ^ Major R. M. Barnes, page 301 "The Uniforms and History of the Scottish Regiments", Sphere Books Ltd 1971
  26. ^ Page 25 "Regiment Issue 35 – The London Regiment", Nexus
  27. ^ "150 years of Proud History: Pipes and Drums of the London Scottish". Piping Centre. 1 March 2013. p. 34. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  28. ^ "About The Band". London Scottish Regiment. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  29. ^ Helen Cathcart (1982). The Queen Mother herself. Magna Print. p. 427.
  30. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36941. London. 3 December 1902. p. 7.
  31. ^ "No. 27503". The London Gazette. 12 December 1902. p. 8595.
  32. ^ "London Scottish". Stepping Forward, London – County and City of London Memorials. Retrieved 29 November 2020.

Sources

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  • Joslen, H. F. (2003) [1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
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