Keteleeria

Keteleeria; Temporal range: Barremian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Keteleeria evelyniana leaves
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Pinales
Family:	Pinaceae
Subfamily:	Abietoideae
Genus:	Keteleeria; Carrière
Type species
	Keteleeria fortunei; (Murray) Carrière

Keteleeria is a genus of three species of coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae first described as a genus in 1866.^[1]^[2]

The genus name Keteleeria honours J.B. Keteleer (1813–1903), a French nurseryman. The group is related to the genera Nothotsuga and Pseudolarix. It is distinguished from Nothotsuga by the much larger cones, and from Pseudolarix by the evergreen leaves and the cones not disintegrating readily at maturity. All three genera share the unusual feature of male cones produced in umbels of several together from a single bud, and also in their ability, very rare in the Pinaceae, of being able to coppice.

The genus is found in southern China (from Shaanxi south to Guangdong and Yunnan), Hainan, Taiwan, northern Laos, and Vietnam.^[3]

They are evergreen trees reaching 35 m (115 ft) tall. The leaves are flat, needle-like, 1.5–7 cm (9⁄16–2+3⁄4 in) long and 2–4 cm (13⁄16–1+9⁄16 in) broad. The cones are erect, 6–22 cm (2+3⁄8–8+11⁄16 in) long, and mature in about 6–8 months after pollination; cone size and scale shape is very variable within all three species.

The variability of the cones has led in the past to the description of several additional species (up to 16 'species' have been named), but most authorities now only accept three species. Flora of China, however, recognized five.^[4]

Phylogeny

Stull et al. 2021^[5]^[6]

Keteleeria

K. davidiana (Bertrand) Beissner

	K. evelyniana Masters (Evelyn keteleeria)

	K. fortunei (Murray 1862) Carrière

The World Checklist maintained by Kew Botanical Garden accepts the following:^[3]

Species^[3]

Keteleeria davidiana (C.E.Bertrand) Beissn. — central and southern China, Taiwan
Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. — Sichuan, Yunnan, N Laos, Vietnam
Keteleeria fortunei (A.Murray) Carrière — southern China
†Keteleeria heterophylloides (Berry) Brown, 1935 - Miocene (Langhian) Latah Formation, Washington^[7]

formerly included^[3]

moved to Abies

Keteleeria fabri =Abies fabri — Sichuan

Fossil record

The earliest record of the genus is from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian -Aptian ~120 million years ago) of China.^[8]

Fossil pollen of Keteleeria caucasica have been recovered from strata of the Late Miocene in Georgia in the Caucasus region.^[9] Undescribed Keteleeria sp. fossils are known from the early Pleistocene of southern Portugal^[10] and the Coldwater Beds in the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands of Canada.^[11] Named species based on cones, leaves, pollen, seeds, and wood have been described from Cretaceous through Pliocene sediments in Europe, North America and Asia.^[12]

Keteleeria caucasica Ramischvili - pollen; Miocene, Kulistskhali river, Georgia
Keteleeria cretacea Miki & Yas. Maeda - cones; Cretaceous, Izumi Group, Japan
Keteleeria ezoana Tanai - cones & seeds; Miocene, Yoshioka, Japan
Keteleeria heterophylloides (Berry) Brown - leaves; Miocene, Latah Formation, Washington, US
Keteleeria hoehnei Kirchheimer - cones; Miocene, Wiesa near Kamenz, Germany
Keteleeria mabetiensis (Watari) Watari - wood; Miocene, Mabechi River; Japan
Keteleeria microreticulata Ananova - pollen; Miocene, Taganrog peninsula, Russia
Keteleeria prambachensis (E. Hofm.) W. Klaus - Oligocene, Prambachkirchen, Austria
Keteleeria rhenana Kräusel - seeds; Miocene, Mainz-Kastel, Germany
Keteleeria robusta Miki - cones; Pliocene, Tokitsu, Japan
Keteleeria rujadana R.N. Lakh. - cones; Oligocene Rujada flora, Oregon, US
Keteleeria shanwangensis Xiang et al. - cones; Miocene, Shanwang Formation, Shandong, China
Keteleeria zhilinii - Blokhina & O.V. Bondarenko - wood; Pliocene, Pavlovsky basin, Primorye, Russia

Several fossil species were formerly included in Keteleeria but have been moved:

Abiespollenites davidianaeformis (Zaklinsk.) Krutzsch formerly Keteleeria davidianaeformis Zaklinsk.
Abiespollenites dubius (Chlon.) Krutzsch formerly Keteleeria dubia Chlon.
Cathaya bergeri (Kirchheim.) Wilf. Schneider ex Mai & E. Velitzelos formerly Keteleeria bergeri Kirchheim.
Cathaya loehri (Engelh. & Kink.) Chun & Kuang formerly Keteleeria loehri Engelh. & Kink.

References

^ Carrière, Élie Abel. 1866. Revue Horticole 37: 449
^ Tropicos, Keteleeria Carrière
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ "Keteleeria Carrière, Rev. Hort. 37: 449. 1866". Flora of China. 4: 42.
^ Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. bioRxiv 10.1101/2021.03.13.435279. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. PMID 34282286. S2CID 232282918.
^ Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021). "main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Brown, R. (1935). "Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington". Journal of Paleontology. 9: 572–587.
^ Zhu, Yanbin; Li, Ya; Tian, Ning; Wang, Yongdong; Xie, Aowei; Zhang, Li; An, Pengcheng; Wu, Zhenyu (April 2024). "A new species of Keteleeria (Pinaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, and its palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications". Cretaceous Research. 156: 105805. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105805.
^ The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze, Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology, Tbilisi 2011, ISBN 978-9941-9105-3-1
^ Fernando Reboredo, Forest Context and Policies in Portugal: Present and Future Challenges, Springer, 28 August 2014 - ISBN 978-3-319-08455-8
^ Mathewes, R. W.; Greenwood, D. R.; Archibald, S. B. (2016). "Paleoenvironment of the Quilchena flora, British Columbia, during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 53 (6): 574–590. Bibcode:2016CaJES..53..574M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0163. hdl:1807/71979.
^ "Keteleeria". The International Fossil Plant Names Index. Retrieved October 1, 2023.

External links

[1] Carrière, Élie Abel. 1866. Revue Horticole 37: 449

[2] Tropicos, Keteleeria Carrière

[r-3] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[4] "Keteleeria Carrière, Rev. Hort. 37: 449. 1866". Flora of China. 4: 42.

[5] Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. bioRxiv 10.1101/2021.03.13.435279. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. PMID 34282286. S2CID 232282918.

[6] Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021). "main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Brown1935-7] Brown, R. (1935). "Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington". Journal of Paleontology. 9: 572–587.

[8] Zhu, Yanbin; Li, Ya; Tian, Ning; Wang, Yongdong; Xie, Aowei; Zhang, Li; An, Pengcheng; Wu, Zhenyu (April 2024). "A new species of Keteleeria (Pinaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, and its palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications". Cretaceous Research. 156: 105805. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105805.

[9] The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze, Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology, Tbilisi 2011, ISBN 978-9941-9105-3-1

[10] Fernando Reboredo, Forest Context and Policies in Portugal: Present and Future Challenges, Springer, 28 August 2014 - ISBN 978-3-319-08455-8

[Quilchena2016-11] Mathewes, R. W.; Greenwood, D. R.; Archibald, S. B. (2016). "Paleoenvironment of the Quilchena flora, British Columbia, during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 53 (6): 574–590. Bibcode:2016CaJES..53..574M. doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0163. hdl:1807/71979.

[IFPNI2023-12] "Keteleeria". The International Fossil Plant Names Index. Retrieved October 1, 2023.

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